ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES ON OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY AMONG EMPLOYEES IN SMALL SCALE FACTORIES IN MATEETETOWN COUNCIL, SEMBABULE DISTRICT

Abstract

Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) is a vital component in ensuring the protection and well-being of workers, particularly in developing regions where regulatory enforcement is often weak. In Uganda, small-scale industries and informal workplaces dominate the employment landscape, yet many operate without adequate safety measures. Employees are frequently exposed to various occupational hazards including physical, chemical, and mechanical risks, while awareness and compliance with safety standards remain low. Previous studies have highlighted the lack of personal protective equipment (PPE), limited knowledge of safety protocols, and weak institutional support as key barriers to effective OHS implementation. This study was conducted in Mateete Town Council to assess the levels of knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of employees regarding OHS, as well as to identify the main challenges in enforcing safety standards in such work environments. A descriptive cross-sectional research design was employed. Data were collected from 96 employees using structured questionnaires, and from employers/supervisors through key informant interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS, with frequencies and percentages, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. Findings revealed that although 82.3% of employees were aware of OHS measures, only 25% had received formal training on PPE. Attitudes were generally positive, with 88.8% believing PPE offers protection, yet actual use was inconsistent, 57.5% reported using PPE regularly. Key challenges identified included lack of PPE (93.8%), inadequate training (87.5%), and limited safety culture and resources.

The study reveals that while employees in Mateete Town Council demonstrate a relatively positive attitude toward occupational health and safety, significant gaps remain in their knowledge and practical adherence to safety measures. The lack of formal training, inadequate access to proper PPE, and weak enforcement of OHS protocols contribute to unsafe working environments. Furthermore, key informant interviews highlight systemic challenges such as limited resources and poor safety culture among workers and supervisors. These findings underscore the urgent need for structured health and safety training, regular provision of quality PPE, and stronger institutional support to foster a culture of safety. Addressing these issues holistically will improve workplace safety, reduce injury rates, and enhance overall worker well-being.