FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH MALE INVOLVEMENT IN PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH PREPAREDNESS AND COMPLICATION READINESS IN MADI OKOLLO DISTRICT-UGANDA

Abstract

Background: Male involvement in pregnancy and childbirth preparedness and complication readiness (BPCR) plays a pivotal role in reducing maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Despite its significance, male participation remained low in many low-resource settings, including Madi Okollo District, Uganda. Nationally, maternal mortality remained high at 336 per 100,000 live births (UDHS 2016), and the lack of male support is among the contributing factors. Aim of the Study was: To assess the factors associated with male involvement in pregnancy and childbirth preparedness and complication readiness in Madi Okollo District, Uganda. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was employed using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The study sampled 300 respondents, selected through stratified sampling from nine sub-counties and three town councils in Madi Okollo District. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS Version 26.0, and qualitative data were analyzed thematically. Results of the Study: Out of 315 respondents, only 38% of men were actively involved in at least three BPCR activities. 62% of respondents cited cultural beliefs as a barrier to male involvement, while 45% noted that long distances to health facilities discouraged participation. 72% of male respondents had not received any formal health education on maternal health. However, men with secondary education and above were 2.3 times more likely to participate in BPCR activities (AOR = 2.3; 95% CI: 1.4 –3.9). Income level and spousal communication were also significantly associated with involvement of men in maternal health activities. Conclusion: Male involvement in BPCR in Madi Okollo District is suboptimal. Factors such as cultural norms, low health education, limited access to health services, and low education levels hindered male participation in maternal health activities. Culturally sensitive community interventions, increased awareness campaigns, and improved access to maternal health services are essential to enhance male involvement and improve maternal outcomes. Keywords: Male involvement, pregnancy and childbirth preparedness, complication readiness, maternal health, Madi Okollo District, Ug