Abstract:
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge, particularly in regions like sub-Saharan Africa, where the burden of the disease is exacerbated by high HIV prevalence rates. While TB is curable, treatment success rates (TSR) in many low-resource settings, including Uganda, remain suboptimal, with losses to follow-up (LTFU) emerging as a critical barrier. This study investigates the extent to which patients’ LTFU influences TB treatment success rates at Kawaala HCIV, Kampala, Uganda. Specifically, the research seeks to identify factors contributing to LTFU, determine the rate of LTFU at different stages of care (diagnosis, intensive, and continuation phases), and analyze its impact on TSR. The study utilizes facility-based data and targets TB patients registered between January 2023 and March 2024. Preliminary records indicate that despite the availability of effective treatment regimens, TSR at Kawaala HCIV remains below the Ministry of Health target of 90%, with LTFU being a significant contributor. The findings of this research will provide critical insights into the factors influencing patient adherence, aid in the development of targeted interventions to reduce LTFU, and contribute to improving TB TSR, thereby aligning with the End TB Strategy goals. This study holds promise for informing policy and improving public health outcomes in Uganda and beyond.
